India will further raise barriers on import of metals as investigations are going on to impose anti-dumping duty on steel and safeguard duty on aluminium.Despite promises agai-nst resorting to protectionist measures, almost all countries are reacting to slow growth by trying to protect their domestic industries by raising trade barriers. India has already imp-osed minimum import price (MIP) on 173 steel products and imposed safeguard import taxes on some steel products until 2018..On the negative side, however, there are many steel user industries that are against imposing duties on steel as it impacts their cost of production. During the height of financial crisis, the G20 nations had pledged to refrain from erecting any new trade barriers. While MIP is till August, there is demand to replace MIP with anti-dumping duty as it will be difficult to challenge at WTO.

The domestic steel industry has been claiming that its margins are under-pressure due to cheap imports from China, as well as Russia, Japan and South Korea. The government is also looking at imposing saf-eguard duty on imports of aluminium due to heavy imports from China and West Asia. The Indian industry has been demanding the government to start investigations to impose safeguard duty on the import of copper also.Auto industry Aluminium Cold extrusion Suppliers SIAM director-general Vishnu Mathur indicated that though imposition of anti-dumping duty on steel will increase cost of production for the sector, they will not have a problem if investigations found that it was been dumped in India to harm local industry.

Currently, this development is in the phase of being approved by different European regulatory agencies to guarantee that the skin that is produced is adequate for use in transplants on burn patients and those with other skin problems.A team of Charles III University of Madrid researchers has demonstrated, for the first time, that, using the new 3D printing technology, it is possible to produce proper human skin.The process for producing these tissues can be carried out in two ways: to produce allogeneic skin, from a stock of cells, done on a large scale, for industrial processes; and to create autologous skin, which is made case by case from the patients own cells, for therapeutic use, such as in the treatment of severe burns.One of the authors, Jose Luis Jorcano pointed out that this skin "can be transplanted to patients or used in business settings to test chemical products, cosmetics or pharmaceutical products in quantities and with timetables and prices that are compatible with these uses."This new human skin is one of the first living human organs created using bioprinting to be introduced to the marketplace. When creating skin, instead of cartridges and coloured inks, injectors with biological components are used. "This method of bioprinting allows skin to be generated in a standardized, automated way, and the process is less expensive than manual production," said Alfredo Brisac, CEO of BioDan Group, the Spanish bioengineering firm specializing in regenerative medicine that is collaborating on this research and commercializing this technology.There are several advantages to this new technology.The study is Fuel filter Manufacturers published in the journal Biofabrication.

This last layer consists of fibroblasts that produce collagen, the protein that gives elasticity and mechanical strength to the skin. "We use only human cells and components to produce skin that is bioactive and can generate its own human collagen, thereby avoiding the use of the animal collagen that is found in other methods," they note.Bioinks are key to 3D bioprinting, according to the experts.A newly-developed method for using a modified printer that covers wounds with healthy skin cells can make the traditional burn treatment a history. It replicates the natural structure of the skin, with a first external layer, the epidermis with its stratum corneum, which acts as protection against the external environment, together with another thicker, deeper layer, the dermis.. And that is not the end of the story, because they are also researching ways to print other human tissues.In the words of researcher Juan Francisco del Cañizo, "Knowing how to mix the biological components, in what conditions to work with them so that the cells dont deteriorate, and how to correctly deposit the product is critical to the system." The act of depositing these bioinks, which are patented by CIEMAT and licensed by the BioDan Group, is controlled by a computer, which deposits them on a print bed in an orderly manner to then produce the skin. In addition, these tissues can be used to test pharmaceutical products, as well as cosmetics and consumer chemical products where current regulations require testing that does not use animals.